EVALUATTION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSONA-SOCIAL COUNSELLING STRATEGY ON REHABILITATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN JOS METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to identify the effectiveness of persona-social counselling on the rehabilitation process of internally displaced persons in Jos metropolis. The researcher used a survey design. A population of 1100 internally displaced persons resident within the Jos metropolis was selected and a sample of 110 which represent 10% of the population of the internally displaced persons and 10 counsellors sampled out of a population of 100. The sampled individual responded to questionnaires. With the 10 sampled counsellors and the 110 sampled internally displaced persons responding to separate questionnaires. The questionnaire for the counsellors was a 13 item four points likert scale closed questionnaire that require the counsellors to pick an option out of the four available options. The questionnaire for the IDPs contain 10 items, with four options that also required the sampled IDPs to respond by picking a single option. The result from the responses offered were collated and analysed. The result obtained from the study show that, persona-social counselling strategy is very effective in the rehabilitation of internally displaced persons. The study recommends that all internally displaced persons traumatised by the experiences that forced them out of their original homes can be assisted to integrate properly into their new environments and live a normal life. Adegbite (1999), suggested that, the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of research can be seen from a number of viewpoints.
Firstly, as professional, there is the obligation of expanding the frontiers knowledge of the field. Secondly, it is arguably unethical to often counsel clients where no evidence of effectiveness exist, to do so would be a waste of time and possibly exposing the client to more risk. Thirdly, we live in an era where commissioning of Counselling is guided by clinic guidelines which are derived from research evidence and so, if we want our Counselling interventions to be commissioned we must provide evidence of their effectiveness. In many regards, internally displaced persons as for as any social set up is concerned must be ranked at the top of any social group as regards to the need of persona social counselling. This claim is so put because whether the displaced persons are victims of natural disaster, religious or political crisis or any form of civil unrest, must have had terrible experiences that they may surfer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval Page – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vi
Table Of Content – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0. Introduction – – – – – – – 1
1.1. Background of the study – – – – – – – 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem – – – – – – – 3
1.3. Purpose of the Study – – – – – – – 3
1.4. Research Questions – – – – – – – 4
1.5. Scope of the Study – – – – – – – 4
1.6. Limitation of the Study – – – – – – – 4
1.7. Significance of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.8. Operational Definition of Terms – – – – – – 5
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE OF THE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 7
2.1. Historical Background – – – – – – – 7
2.2. The Meaning of Counselling – – – – – – 8
2.3. The Concept of Persona-social Counselling – – – – 9
2.4. The Concept Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) – – – 10
2.5. The Causes of Displacement within Jos Metropolis – – – 19
2.6. Need for Legal and Institutional Framework – – – – 20
2.7. Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Strategies – – – – 22
2.8. Review of Related Empirical Studies – – – – – 24

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0. Introduction – – – – – – – – 28
3.1. Research Design – – – – – – – – 28
3.2. Population for the study – – – – – – – 28
3.3. Sample and Sampling Techniques – – – – – 28
3.4. Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – – 29
3.5. Method of Data Collection – – – – – – 29
3.6. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument – – – – 29
3.6.1. The Reliability of the Instrument – – – – – 30
3.7. Method of Data analyses – – – – – – – 30
3.7.1. Discussion of the Decision Rule – – – – – 30
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS
4.0. Introduction – – – – – – – – 31
4.1. Data analysis – – – – – – – – 31
4.2. Discussion – – – – – – – – 34

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0. Introduction – – – – – – – – 35
5.1. Summary – – – – – – – – – 35
5.2. Conclusion – – – – – – – – 36
5.3. Recommendation – – – – – – – 36
Reference – – – – – – – – –
Appendix – – – – – – – – – –

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Questions regarding the effects and effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy are important and such questions range from general to particular. For example, to know the effectiveness and effects of counselling and psychotherapy generally compared with those of medication can guide national policy makers as to whether to invest in counselling or psychotherapy for people with psychological problems. The emergence of the improving access to psychological therapies and counselling programs would not have occurred without sound research as to the effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy as compared with medication (Trachin 2006).
Similarly, on a more specific level, research can tell us which type of counsel are more effective for particular type of clients (e.g children or adults) or type of problem (e.g anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder) this would help counsellors and counselling service to adapt themselves to meet the needs of the local population (Oduwale 2013).
The type of research studies in counselling are often divided into categories i.e, efficacy research which studies counselling under restricted controlled experimental conditions, comparing the differences between control and intervention groups. The second is effectiveness research which investigates counselling in routine settings using pre and post measures but without a control group.
Dada 2006, opined that, efficacy research is often referred to as evidence based practice (EBP), and effectiveness research as practice based evidence (PBE) the similarities between the two phases denoting complementary relationships. While the evidence based practice o ask questions like “does it work?” practice based evidence ask question like “does it work in routine practice?” Both of these are important and related questions as they both stand to evaluate the practice of counselling generally giving room to ascertain the level of progress achieved in handling a case.
Adegbite1999, suggests that, the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of research can be seen from a number of viewpoints. Firstly, as professionals there is the obligation of expanding the frontiers knowledge of the field.
Secondly, it is arguably unethical to often counsel clients where no evidence of effectiveness exist, to do so would be a waste of time and possibly exposing the client to more risk.
Thirdly, we live in an era where commissioning of Counselling is guided by clinic guidelines which are derived from research evidence and so, if we want our Counselling interventions to be commissioned we must provide evidence of their effectiveness.
In many regards, internally displaced persons as for as any social set up is concerned must be ranked at the top of any social group as regards to the need of persona social counselling. This claim is so put because whether the displaced persons are victims of natural disaster, religious or political crisis or any form of civil unrest, must have had terrible experiences that they may surfer post-traumatic stress disorder (PISD) they.
Markers 2016 stressed that internally displaced persons (IDPS) but who are they? Are faced with several problems such as sexual violence like gang rape, in our context where are they coerced sex and anal what is it that counsel them problems such as humiliation, beating, homelessness and streetism. Therefore, there is need for appropriate interventions by the government, non-governmental organizations and concerned citizens in view of the increase prevalence of HIV/AIDS and others infections and the trauma of these occurrences, there is a great need for counsel to those IDPS and materials support to help them re integrate themselves into the society.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In areas where civil unrest like religious or political crisis is found, natural disasters like floods, earthquakes and windstorms the phenomena tend to force the inhabitant of such an area out of their immediate society causing relocation to a new area of settlement. These displaced persons are faced with many problems and challenges that add to their already existing problems like young rape, coerced sex, humiliation, ‘’streatism”, beating e.t.c.
1.2 In the process they become stressed and traumatised by the increasing problems leading to the need for rehabilitation toenable them to bere-integrated into the society and live normal life. This research is geared toward evaluating the effectiveness of the counselling strategies employed to rehabilitate these people (The internally displaced persons).

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study will be geared towards evaluating the effectiveness of Counselling within the social paradigm of the internally displaced persons, scrutinizing the strategies adopted and how effective it has proven in the rehabilitation of the social life of the internally displaced persons.
On a more specific level, the research will help in to:
1. Examine the common strategy adopted in counselling the internally displaced persons
2. Examine the effectiveness of persona-social counselling strategies on the internally displaced persons.
3. Assess the effectiveness of the counselling strategies employed I rehabilitating the internally displaced persons.
1.4 RERSERACH QUESTIONS
This research seeks to answer fundamental question such as:
1. What is the common strategy adopted in counselling the internally displaced persons?
2. To what extend is the effectiveness of persona-social counselling in the life of internally displaced persons?
3. How effective is the strategies employed in rehabilitating the internally displaced persons?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTESIS
a. There is significant relationship between the persona social counselling strategies and the rehabilitation of internally displaced persons in Jos metropolis.
b. Persona social counselling is effective in rehabilitation of internally displaced persons in Jos.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
There are many aspects of the life of a displaced person that needs redress for proper reintegration into their new settlements; as the displacement effects mostly their social life, economic life, and to some extend political life as well. This study shall concentrate solidly on the social and personal life of the internally displaced persons.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In a country such as Nigeria where different factors, has resulted in citizens moving from one new environments to another for different reasons like the Boko-Haram insurgence hit North-eastern Nigeria, land dispute victims of the Bakassi-Pennisula in the South-south, the herdsmen farmers issue on the Plateau, the earthquake threatened Kaduna South, and the flood threatened Plateau South and the Niger-Delta regions. All these have resulted in mass relocation of people from the area of danger to a more secured area.
But, for Conviniency and relative ease of access to available data, this study shall be restricted to the internally displaced persons (IDPS) that have settled within the Jos metropolis.
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
At a time when the consciousness of the people has been drawn to the importance of having good counsel during and after traumatic experiences, this research is very timely as it will go a long way in helping the stressed internally displaced persons to settled and continue their livelihood as expected without fear of intimidation of suffering psychological breakdown.
This research will help Counsellors to understand their clients (IDPS) or victims of displacement better so as, to continue life in their new found environments.
1.9 OPERIATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS AND ACRIONYMS
1. Evaluation:- To form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of persona-social counselling on the internally displaced persons after carefully thinking about it or using some criteria’s to guide my decisions.
2. Effectiveness:- Producing the result that is wanted or intended. A successful result on the effect of persona-social counselling on internally displaced persons.
3. Persona:- The aspects of a displaced persons character that he/she show to other people especially when their real character is different.
4. Social:-connected with a society and the way it is organised; or an internally displace persons relationship.
5. Strategies:- set of plans intended to achieved on the effectiveness of persona social Counselling strategies the rehabilitation of internally displaced person in Jos metropolis
6. Displaced:- to take the place of people making them to become homeless.
7. Displaced persons:- A refugee or a person taking refuge in a place because of a happening.
8. I.D.P:- Internally displace persons
9. PTSD:- Past traumatic stress disorder
10. EBP:- Evidence based practice
11. PBE:- Practice based evidence.
12. Counselling:- An advice from an elderly person or expert giving to an internal.