WELCOME TO KENTERPRO:
EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING SOCIAL STUDIES TO PUPILS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN SPECIAL EDUCATION CENTER, PANKSHIN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page-       –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -i

Declaration-    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -ii

Approval page-           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -iii

Dedication-     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -iv

Acknowledgement-    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -v

Table of contents-       –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -vi

Abstract-         –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the study- –           –           –           –           –           –           -1
• Statement of the problem- –           –           –           –           –           –           2         
• Purpose of the study- –           –           –           –           –           –           –           3
• Research questions- –           –           –           –           –           –           –           3
• Research Hypothesis- – –           –           –           –           –           –           4
• Significance of the study- –           –           –           –           –           –           4
• Scope and Delimitation of the study –           –           –           –           –           5         
• Operational definition of terms- –           –           –           –           –           -5

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• Concept of Hearing Impairment –       –           –           –           –                       6

2.2       The Concept of Social Studies-          –           –           –           –           –           12

2.3       The Concept of Instructional Materials          –           –           –           –           14

2.4       Effect of Instructional Materials in Teaching Social Studies-           –           17

2.5       Instructional Materials Suitable for Teaching Pupils with Hearing Impairment-18

2.6       Summary of Literatures Reviewed-   –           –           –           –           –           20

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1       Research design-         –           –           –           –           –           –           –           21

3.2       Area of the Study       –           –           –           –           –           –           –           21

3.3       Population of the study –         –           –           –           –           –           –           21

3.4       Sample of the Study   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           22

3.5       Sampling techniques-  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           23

3.6       Instrument for data collection-            –           –           –           –           –           24

3.7      Validity and Reliability of the Instrument              –              –              –        24

3.8       Method of data collection-      –           –           –           –           –           –           24

3.9       Method for data analysis-        –           –           –           –           –           –           -25

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1       Introduction

4.2       Demographic Presentation of Bio-Data –                   –           –           –           26       

4.3       Analysis of Research Questions-        –           –           –           –           –           27

4.3       Hypothesis Testing     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           28

4.4       Discussion of Findings                       –           –           –           –           –           29

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1       Summary of Findings-            –           –           –           –           –           –           -31

5.2       Conclusion-     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -32

5.3       Recommendations-     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           33

5.4       Suggestion for Further Study –           –           –           –           –           –           34

REFERENCES-         –           –           –           –           –           –           –           -36

APPENDIX                –           –           –           –           –           –           –           37

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was mainly to investigate the effect of Instructional Materials in Teaching Social Studies to Pupils with Hearing Impairment in Special Education Center, Pankshin. For this reason, the researchers formulated three research questions to guide the study. The research adopted an experimental research design. The population of the study is all the twenty-four (25) pupils with hearing impairment in Special Education Center. The sample of this study consists of eight pupils with hearing impairment in primary five. The instrument used for data collection was includes: personal observation of the teachers’ teaching performance in the classroom; interview and class test generated from the topic taught. The data collected where analysed using student’s t-test of independent sample and arithmetic mean. The hypothesis was tested using t-test. The finding revealed that teachers only use Sign Language and textbooks in teachers and learning Social Studies to the hearing impaired. The Social Studies textbook which is being possessed only by the teachers themselves were often difficult and carry no immediate experience as well as abstract words that are often finger spell it without signing for such words, because the pupils are not familiar with such words. As such the study recommends that teacher should endeavor to use appropriate teaching method that suit the topic level, age of pupil as well as varieties of instructional materials that is visible enough by all pupils; the primary school board should provide instructional material centers where varieties of instructional materials such as real objects (realia), diagrams, charts, maps among others to enhance the teaching and learning of hearing-impaired pupils. The use of instructional materials is highly recommended to sustain interest in learning especially of hearing-impaired pupils whose learning and mode of communication mostly deals with sight; There is need for creativity in the side of the teacher in terms of improvisation of materials and conducive learning environment for the benefit of the pupils with hearing impairment.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

It is an unquestionable educational fact that instructional materials and elements of reality by providing actual examples to learning. The communication with the hearing impaired largely depends on the sense of sight, hence, they are easily moved by what they see. There are indicators of serious problem for teaching and learning Social Studies specially to hearing impaired pupils. These problems manifest themselves in different ways such as pupils inability to learn and digest what they were taught, inability to recall or even effect and use knowledge learned to solve examination problems, cases of near total illiteracy are on the increase not only at the primary education levels but also among post-primary pupils. The hearing-impaired pupils experience these difficulties due to inability to learn. Teachers equally face these difficulties in achieving effective teaching that will lead to the attainment of set behavioral objectives.

Almost in every aspect of life and for anything meaningful to take place, the ability to teach and learn is an important factor for a successful living in developing world. Social Studies teachers should therefore create interest in the subject and use the best method and varieties of available instructional materials to enhance the inculcation of qualitative knowledge in the pupils.

Several teaching methods have been employed in Social Studies to improve teaching and learning among hearing impaired, but cases of failure is still on the increase. This may be because these methods do not consider the use of instructional materials such as graphs, Charts, pictures and realia for teaching and learning instruction. The inability of teachers to use varieties of instructional materials in teaching Social Studies to hearing impaired pupils has a great effect on hearing impaired as citizens coupling with the fact that Social Studies aim at enabling every child to understand his interaction with his culture, physical environment appreciating home and heritage developing skills and attitudes expected of them as citizens; learning to express ideas in many ways as well as using these ideas to solve real life situations. This calls for training of Social Studies teachers in Special Education centers on the techniques to make them aware of fruitful strategies for effective teaching and learning which has to do with the use of varieties of available instructional materials. It is against this background that the research is carried out. The study described the effect of instructional materials in teaching Social Studies to primary five (5) hearing impaired pupils which has to do with the use of pictures, diagrams, charts and realia.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

The primary aim of teaching Social Studies is to assist the learners to develop the ability to make good citizenship behavior. Hearing impaired pupils tends to continuously perform poorly in Social Studies due to the teachers laxity to use instructional materials to teach. They believe that they can force knowledge into the hearing-impaired pupils with their words. Most pupils today cannot retrieve knowledge to solve real life situation that they encounter in life and this is one of the basic objectives of Social Studies education. All these problems emanate due to lack of or poor use of instructional materials. However, this assertion needs empirical evidence, hence the conduction of this study on the effect of instructional materials in teaching Social Studies to hearing impaired pupils in Special Education Center, Pankshin.

1.3       The Purpose of the Study

This study intends to achieve the following objectives which are to:

1. To find out the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies without instructional materials
2. Find out the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies with instructional materials

• Examine the extent to which score of pupils in Social Studies can be significantly influenced by the use of instructional materials.

1.4       Research Questions

The study is expected to provide answers to the following questions:

1. What is the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies with instructional materials?
2. What is the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies with instructional materials
3. What is the difference in the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies without instructional materials and those taught with instructional materials

1.5       Hypothesis of the Study

The following hypothesis have been formulated to guide the study

Ho: There is no significant difference in the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies without instructional materials and those taught with instructional materials

Ha: There is a significant difference in the mean score of pupils taught Social Studies without instructional materials and those pupils taught without instructional materials

1.6       Significance of the Study

When the result of this study is found, effective benefit will be derived from it:

The study will reveal to the Social Studies teachers the most effective type of instructional materials that will suit the hearing-impaired pupils

It will also develop and increase the interest of hearing-impaired pupils in learning Social Studies

The study will increase qualitative teaching and learning by both teachers and hearing-impaired pupils

It will also aid the attainment of set objectives by teachers more easily

The study will help increase high performance of hearing-impaired pupils in Social Studies because they are exposed to real and physical objects, hence making learning relatively permanent.

1.7       Scope and Delimitation

The scope of the study is to experiment into the effect of instructional materials in teaching Social Studies to primary five hearing impaired pupils. The study will use a diagram, chart and real objects to teach the topic “Culture” in Social Studies. The study will be conducted at Special Education Center Pankshin. The school caters for the Nigerian Special Education needs children of different impairments including visually impaired, learning disabled, behavior disorder, physically challenged and the hearing impaired. Hearing impaired pupils in primary five will be used to carry out the experiment.

1.8       Operational Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the terminologies used in this study, the following operational terms have been defined:

Instructional materials: These are items used by the Social Studies teacher in teaching hearing impaired pupils in Special Education Center in order to capture their attention for better understanding of the lesson e.g concrete materials like diagrams, charts and pictures.

Diagram: This refers to a sketch or drawing of something or an object that the teacher use at the process of teaching Social Studies to hearing impaired pupils in Special Education Center e.g A diagram of materials things in culture

Realia: This has to do with physical or real objects used by the teacher in teaching Social Studies to hearing Impaired pupils such as Calabash, Corel Leads, drums and food

Teaching: Is the process of transferring knowledge, skills and attitude from the teacher to pupils with hearing impairment which can lead to change in behavior of the hearing-impaired pupils.

Social Studies: Is a subject in Special Education Center which deals with the study of man and his physical and social environment.

Hearing Impaired pupils: These are those children in the primary school whose hearing ability is lost or changed from moderate hearing to profound deafness.