WELCOME TO KENTERPRO:
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IN CONTEMPORARY CHRISTIANITY IN SELECTED VILLAGES IN QUA’AN-PAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Today, people all across the globe are commemorating the advancements that have been made in communication technology, which have increased the breadth of communication made possible by information and communication technologies (ICTs). There is no question that advancements in technology in the field of communication have made the whole world into a “global village.” The fact of the matter is, however, that technology, much like a coin with two sides, brings with it both beneficial and harmful aspects. It assists individuals in being more educated, more enlightened, and current on the latest advancements taking on across the world. The advancement of technology has shown people more efficient ways to do tasks. Social media include: Twitter, Yahoo Messenger, Facebook Messenger, Whatsapp messenger, messenger, Skype, Google talk, Google Messenger, iPhone and Androids. The majority of individuals nowadays use social networking sites to keep up with old friends and make new ones, whether those relationships whether in real life or online (Asemah & Edegoh, 2012). According to Al-Rahma and Othman (2013), there is no question that social media has acquired greater acceptance and usage, and that it is also becoming one of the most essential communication tools among individuals. The majority of young people in Nigeria use their laptops, smart phones, and various other portable electronic devices like ipads and tablets to surf the internet and interact with various social networking sites. This accounts for a significant portion of their leisure time. People make the most of any opportunity they have to access social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, in order to keep up with their friends’ status updates and see what is trending online.

The concept of social media revolves around the idea of connecting people and fostering online communities. It provides a platform for individuals to express themselves, share information, and engage in conversations with others who have similar interests or backgrounds. Social media platforms have features such as profiles, news feeds, likes, comments, and shares, which enable users to interact and engage with each other’s content. According to Afolabi (2017) this interactive nature of social media encourages participation and collaboration, making it a powerful tool for communication and community-building. Furthermore, social media has transformed the way information is disseminated and consumed. In the traditional media landscape, information flowed in a one-to-many model, with news outlets and organizations as the primary sources of information. Social media, on the other hand, operates on a many-to-many model, where individuals can share and spread information to their networks, who can then further distribute it.

Social media have many facilities on same channel such as communicating, texting, images sharing, audio and video sharing, fast publishing, linking all over world, and direct connecting. According to Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) Social media is a group of interest – based application that build on the ideological and technological foundations of web which allow the creation and exchange of user generated content. Kaplan and Haenlein refer social media to internet-based social website like the Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter and so on, which allow users to interactively communicate with one another. Social media can also refer to those web-based and mobile-based technologies which are used to turn communication into interactive dialogue between organization, communities and individuals (Wikipedia, 2014). The media allow users to meet friends, exchange ideas, images, audios, videos and most importantly stay connected. Since their invention, they have become increasingly popular in different countries across the globe. It is a cheapest fast access to the world so it is very important for all age of peoples. Its use is increasing day by day with high rate in all over the world.

The importance of social media in today’s society cannot be overstated. Firstly, social media has revolutionized communication, breaking down geographical barriers and enabling individuals to connect and interact with others from different parts of the world. It has enhanced the speed and ease of sharing information, ideas, and experiences, leading to a more connected and globally aware society. Secondly, social media plays a crucial role in shaping public discourse and opinion. It has empowered individuals to express their voices, mobilize for social and political causes, and hold institutions accountable (Fasasi, 2017). It has become a platform for marginalized communities to share their stories and advocate for their rights. Additionally, social media has transformed business and marketing practices, providing opportunities for companies to engage with their target audience, build brand awareness, and drive sales. It has democratized entrepreneurship, allowing individuals to showcase their products and services, and connect with potential customers. However, the importance of social media also comes with some challenges.

Social media presents several challenges that society must grapple with. Firstly, the spread of misinformation and fake news is a significant concern. Social media platforms have become breeding grounds for the rapid dissemination of false or misleading information, which can have serious consequences for public perception, political discourse, and even public health. Secondly, privacy and data security issues arise due to the vast amount of personal information shared on social media platforms. This raises concerns about how user data is collected, stored, and used by these platforms and third-party entities (Yakubu & Ahmed, 2018). Additionally, social media can contribute to the amplification of echo chambers and the polarization of opinions, as algorithms often prioritize content that aligns with users’ existing beliefs, creating filter bubbles. This can hinder the exchange of diverse perspectives and lead to the reinforcement of biases. Lastly, the addictive nature of social media and its impact on mental health and well-being cannot be ignored. Excessive use of social media has been linked to anxiety, depression, and feelings of loneliness and inadequacy.

Christian religious beliefs and practices are diverse and encompass a wide range of theological perspectives, traditions, and rituals. At the core of Christianity is the belief in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Savior of humanity. Christians believe that Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection offer salvation and the promise of eternal life. The Bible, comprising the Old and New Testaments, is considered the sacred text and serves as a guide for Christian beliefs and moral teachings. Christian practices vary among different denominations, but common elements include communal worship, prayer, sacraments (such as baptism and communion), and participation in the church community (Umeoji & Onyemachi, 2017). Worship services often involve singing hymns, reading scripture, preaching, and partaking in rituals. Additionally, Christians are encouraged to live according to moral principles derived from their faith, which may include concepts such as love, forgiveness, compassion, and the pursuit of justice. The Christian faith has had a profound influence on art, literature, ethics, social movements, and the overall cultural fabric of societies around the world.

The negative impact of social media on Christian religious beliefs and practices is a complex phenomenon. Firstly, social media can contribute to the spread of misinformation and false teachings, which can lead to confusion and misinterpretation of Christian doctrines. The ease of sharing and resharing content on social media platforms can amplify unverified claims and distortions, undermining the integrity of accurate biblical teachings. Secondly, social media can create an environment of division and discord within the Christian community (Uchenna & Ozioma, 2019). The anonymous nature of online interactions can lead to a lack of accountability and civility, fostering hostile debates, and reinforcing echo chambers where believers only engage with like-minded individuals. This can hinder open dialogue, mutual understanding, and the pursuit of unity among Christians. Additionally, the constant exposure to curated and idealized representations of faith on social media can create unrealistic expectations, breed feelings of inadequacy, and contribute to the rise of a performance-based Christianity, where followers feel pressured to showcase their spirituality for validation and acceptance. Lastly, social media can be a source of distraction and addiction, diverting the attention of believers from spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, and studying scripture. The addictive nature of social media can lead to a loss of focus on spiritual growth, contemplation, and fostering a deep relationship with God. To mitigate these negative impacts, Christians should exercise discernment, engage in critical thinking, prioritize genuine human connections, and ensure that their online activities align with their core Christian values and principles.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In recent years, the rise of social media platforms has revolutionized the way people communicate, share information, and engage with various aspects of life. This includes religious beliefs and practices, which have been significantly influenced by the pervasive presence of social media. This problem statement aims to explore and analyze the impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices in contemporary Christianity within selected villages in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area.

The ideal situation is to have a balanced integration of social media into religious beliefs and practices, where it enhances spiritual growth, fosters community engagement, and promotes the core values of Christianity. However, there is growing concern about the potential consequences of social media on religious beliefs and practices. The prevalence of social media platforms has led to a significant shift in how individuals engage with Christianity, including the formation of beliefs, participation in religious activities, and the overall sense of religious community.

Various measures have been taken to address the impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices. Some churches and religious organizations have embraced social media platforms as tools for evangelism, outreach, and community building. Others have encouraged their members to exercise caution in using social media and to maintain a balance between online interactions and offline spiritual practices.

Despite these measures, the impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices continues to persist and evolve. The fast-paced and often unregulated nature of social media platforms presents challenges in maintaining the integrity and authenticity of Christian beliefs and practices. There is a need to examine the specific impact of social media within the context of selected villages in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area to gain a deeper understanding of the problem.

The effects of social media on religious beliefs and practices are multifaceted. On one hand, social media has provided opportunities for individuals to access religious content, connect with like-minded believers, and engage in virtual religious communities. On the other hand, it has also introduced potential risks such as the spread of misinformation, the dilution of religious teachings, and the blurring of boundaries between genuine religious experiences and superficial online interactions.

This research aims at understanding the nuanced impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices within selected villages in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area. By examining the specific context of these villages, including their unique cultural, social, and religious dynamics, the research will provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities posed by social media in contemporary Christianity.

While there have been studies on the impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices, there is a dearth of research specifically focused on the selected villages in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area. This research aims at addressing this gap by providing a localized and contextualized understanding of the impact of social media on contemporary Christianity in these villages.

Given the evolving nature of social media and its increasing influence on religious beliefs and practices, it is essential to investigate its specific impact within the selected villages in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area. The findings of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities posed by social media in contemporary Christianity, ultimately informing strategies for maintaining a healthy balance between online engagement and the preservation of authentic religious beliefs and practices.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

            The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices in contemporary Christianity in selected Villages in Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area, Plateau State. The specific objectives of the study are:

1. To examine the attitudes of individuals regarding the impact of social media on their religious beliefs and practices.
2. To identify the types of religious content prevalent on social media platforms.
3. To explore the role of social media in shaping the formation of religious beliefs and practices among individuals.
4. To investigate the challenges posed by social media in the preservation of authentic religious teachings and practices.

1.4 Research Questions

            The following research questions were raised to guide the research:

1. What are the attitudes of individuals regarding the impact of social media on their religious beliefs and practices?
2. What types of religious content are prevalent on social media platforms?
3. How does social media shape the formation of religious beliefs and practices among individuals?
4. What are the challenges posed by social media in the preservation of authentic religious teachings and practices?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The significance of this study cannot be underemphasized in the following ways:

1. The study shall be of benefit to local communities, church leaders and pastors, religious organization and policy makers.
2. The study will benefit the local communities in the selected villages by providing insights into the specific impact of social media on their religious beliefs and practices. It will help community members understand the opportunities and challenges presented by social media and make informed decisions about their engagement with online platforms.
3. The research findings will be valuable for church leaders and pastors in the selected villages. They will gain a deeper understanding of how social media influences religious beliefs and practices among their congregation. This knowledge can inform their pastoral care, teaching methods, and strategies for utilizing social media platforms effectively in their ministries.
4. The study will benefit religious organizations operating in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area by providing insights into the impact of social media on contemporary Christianity. This information can help religious organizations adapt their approaches to outreach, evangelism, and community-building to effectively leverage social media while preserving the authenticity of religious beliefs and practices.
5. The research findings will contribute to the academic discourse on the intersection of social media and religious beliefs and practices. Scholars and researchers interested in the field of religious studies, sociology, media studies, or digital culture can utilize these findings to further expand their understanding of how social media shapes contemporary Christianity.
6. The study can provide valuable information for policy makers and community leaders in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area. It can guide the formulation of policies and guidelines concerning the responsible use of social media in religious contexts, ensuring that the cultural and religious values of the community are respected and preserved.
7. Individuals within the selected villages who are navigating their religious beliefs and practices in the digital age will benefit from the study. The findings can help them make informed choices about their engagement with social media platforms, strike a balance between online interactions and offline spiritual practices, and critically evaluate the impact of social media on their faith.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

            This study covers impact of social media on Christian religious beliefs and practices from selected villages in Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area. The study shall cover aspects such as the attitudes of individuals regarding the impact of social media on their religious beliefs and practices, types of religious contents prevalent on social media platforms, the role of social media in shaping the formation of religious beliefs and practices among individuals and the challenges posed by social media in the preservation of authentic religious teachings and practices. The villages that will be covered include Gidan Dabat, Kwal and Kurgwi.

1.7 Theoretical Framework

One possible theoretical framework that can be used to study the impact of social media on religious beliefs and practices in contemporary Christianity is the Uses and Gratifications Theory. The theory was initially developed by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch (1974) in the 1970s. They published their seminal work on the theory in the book: “Uses and Gratifications Research” in 1974.

The Uses and Gratifications Theory posits that individuals actively seek out and use media for specific purposes or gratifications. It focuses on understanding why and how individuals select and engage with media based on their needs, motivations, and goals. This theory suggests that individuals are not passive consumers of media but active agents who make deliberate choices about media consumption to fulfill specific needs and achieve gratification.

Applying the Uses and Gratifications Theory to the topic at hand, the study can explore how individuals in the selected villages in the Qua’an-Pan Local Government Area use social media for their religious beliefs and practices. It can examine the specific gratifications or needs that individuals seek to fulfill through their engagement with social media platforms in relation to their faith. For example, the study can investigate whether individuals use social media for religious education, seeking spiritual guidance, connecting with like-minded believers, participating in online religious communities, finding religious content and resources, or expressing and sharing their religious beliefs. It can also explore the motivations behind these uses, such as the desire for social interaction, information seeking, entertainment, or personal identity expression.

By utilizing the Uses and Gratifications Theory, the study can gain insights into how social media platforms are actively chosen and utilized by individuals to meet their religious needs and goals. It can provide a deeper understanding of the specific gratifications derived from social media use within the context of contemporary Christianity in the selected villages. This framework can also help identify the potential positive and negative consequences of social media use on religious beliefs and practices, as well as the strategies individuals employ to navigate these platforms in a way that aligns with their religious values.

1.8 Operational Definitions of Terms

Social Media: For the purpose of this study, social media refers to online platforms and applications that enable users to create, share, and interact with content, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and WhatsApp. It includes both mainstream social media platforms and any local or regional platforms commonly used within the selected villages.

Religious Beliefs: Religious beliefs encompass the specific doctrines, principles, and tenets held by individuals within the context of contemporary Christianity in the selected villages. These beliefs may include core theological concepts, interpretations of scriptures, understandings of the nature of God, the divinity of Jesus Christ, and the role of the Holy Spirit in Christian faith.

Religious Practices: Religious practices refer to the rituals, ceremonies, worship activities, and spiritual disciplines observed by individuals within the contemporary Christianity context of the selected villages. This includes activities such as attending church services, prayer, Bible study, participation in sacraments or religious rites, charitable acts, and engagement in religious festivals or events.

Impact: Impact refers to the effect, influence, or consequences that social media has on religious beliefs and practices within the selected villages. It encompasses both positive and negative outcomes that can emerge from the use of social media platforms in relation to religious beliefs and practices.

Contemporary Christianity: Contemporary Christianity refers to the present-day expressions and practices of the Christian faith within the selected villages. It takes into account the cultural, social, and contextual factors that shape the beliefs and practices of Christians in the selected villages, including the influence of modernity, globalization, and technological advancements.